Preparation of multi-element doped carbon nanospheres with core-shell structure derived from polystyrene as lubricating additives for improving tribological behavior

Yixin Wang, Sha Liu, Tiantian Wang, Shujuan Liu, Qian Ye, Feng Zhou, Weimin Liu

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

3 Scopus citations

Abstract

In this study, the multi-element doped carbon nanospheres with core-shell structure (N,P,S-PCNs) have been successfully synthesized through the carbonization of hyper-cross-linked polystyrene nanospheres (HPSs) encapsulated with poly(cyclotriphosphazene-co-4,4′-sulfonyldiphenol) (PZS). The phosphonitrilic chloride trimer can in-situ assemble on HPSs surface, forming a poly(phosphonitrilic chloride trimer) film via sulfonyldiphenol as cross-linking agent to obtain HPSs@PZS. Subsequently, the HPSs@PZS undergoes high-temperature calcination under N2 atmosphere, and PZS with a well-preserved encapsulation capability efficiently incorporated N, P and S into carbon nanospheres to gain multi-element (N,P,S) co-doped carbon nanospheres (N,P,S-PCNs) with core-shell structure. The prepared N,P,S-PCNs exhibit exceptional dispersibility and stability as lubricant additives, effectively mitigating friction (reduced to 0.106) and wear (decreased by 84.0 %). The lubrication performance of N,P,S-PCNs is exceptional due to the nanospheres' remarkable ability to enter the gaps between friction pairs and form a deposition film on the surfaces. Moreover, the nanospheres can undergo a chemical reaction with the matrix surface, resulting in the formation of a chemical protective film. The composite protective film (deposition film and chemical protective film) significantly enhances the lubricants' ability to reduce friction and resist wear.

Original languageEnglish
Article number119677
JournalCarbon
Volume230
DOIs
StatePublished - Nov 2024

Keywords

  • Carbon nanospheres
  • Core-shell structure
  • Element doping
  • Lubricant additives
  • Surface modification
  • Tribological behavior

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