Numerical simulation of magnetised nanofluid flow with improved finite difference method for drug delivery application

The numerical modelling and simulation of blood-based nanofluids provide significant insights into medical applications. The integration of nanotechnology with applied mathematics enables researchers to investigate and develop devices that analyse the impact of various substances on blood, facilitating progress in drug development and targeted drug delivery systems. However, simulating the mechanisms that regulate the physical phenomena related to blood-based nanotechnology is both crucial and complex. The current investigation models and numerically simulates the impacts of two nanoparticles, gold and titanium oxide, using pure blood (animal blood) as the base fluid over a radially extended rotating disk. The effects of radiation, the magnetic field, and Cattaneo-Christov heat flux are also considered to enrich the mathematical model with actual physical phenomena. We also discuss the shape effect of various nanoparticles, including cylinders, bricks, spheres, blades, and platelets. We convert the governing system of partial differential equations into a system of ordinary differential equations using similarity transformation. We propose an enhanced finite difference method, the Keller Box technique, to numerically estimate the governing system in nanotechnology. Increasing Rd elevates the temperature profile, indicating an increase in the temperature of the boundary layer. The sphere-shaped nanoparticles are the best at transferring heat, while the platelet-shaped nanoparticles have the best local Nusselt number and skin friction coefficient. The outcomes of this research may facilitate progress in biology, materials science, and drug delivery system management.