Investigating the effects of updating rules on cooperation by incorporating interactive diversity

Abstract: In reality, most individuals are prone to vary strategies when interacting with their counterparts; thus, it is highly likely that different strategies will be applied when confronting with different players, being referred to as interactive diversity. Numerous scholars have devoted their endless efforts into the investigation of the emergence and maintenance of cooperation for interactive diversity scenarios and this becomes an interesting research topic recently. However, evolutionary dynamics of such games still needs to be further studied. Here, a co-evolving mechanism is proposed aiming to study the effects of applying different updating rules on the level of cooperation when considering interactive diversity. Teaching and learning updating rules are considered in the co-evolving mechanism. Then, we have done extensive experiments and corresponding simulation results are provided. Sufficient analyses of the simulation results are given in order to understand the origin of the observed experimental phenomena. We find the fact that with the increase of the proportion of Type-T players, individuals start to adopt the strategy of cooperation even if the temptation to defect is relatively large; this indicates players are inclined to cooperate under such scenario. All in all, we hope the findings in this manuscript are capable of providing some valuable and interesting insights to solve the social dilemmas. Graphic abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]