Characteristics of array of distributed synthetic jets and effect on turbulent boundary layer

Abstract: An array of distributed round synthetic jets was used to control a fully developed turbulent boundary layer. The study focused on the related skin friction drag reduction and mechanisms involved. The control effects were analyzed by measuring the streamwise velocities using a hot-wire anemometer downstream of the array. A reduction in the skin friction was observed both in the regions downstream of the orifices and in the regions between two adjacent orifices. A statistical analysis with the variable-interval time-averaging (VITA) technique demonstrated a weakened bursting intensity with synthetic jet in the near-wall region. The streamwise vortices were lifted by the upwash effect caused by synthetic jet and induced less low-speed streaks. The control mechanism acted in a way to suppress the dynamic interaction between the streamwise vortices and low-speed streaks and to attenuate the turbulence production in the near-wall region. The forcing frequency was found to be a more relevant parameter when synthetic jet was applied in turbulent boundary layer flow control. A higher forcing frequency induced a higher reduction in the skin friction. The power spectral density and autocorrelation of the fluctuating velocities showed that the synthetic jets gradually decayed in the streamwise direction, having an effect as far as 34.5 times the displacement thickness that was on the trailing edge of the distributed synthetic jets array. Graphic Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]