锂离子电池碰撞安全仿真方法的研究进展与展望

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used as the main power source for new energy equipment such as electric vehicles and electrical aircraft with their excellent electrochemical energy storage and cycling performance. However, safety issues such as structural failure, internal short circuit and thermal runaway caused by external impact, collision and other loads have severely restricted the development and further application of LIBs. The structural characteristics and mechanical abuse test methods of LIBs is summarized in detail, and multi-field coupling failure mechanism of LIBs from mechanical failure to internal short circuit and thermal runaway under mechanical abuse is expounded. On this basis, the research progress of domestic and foreign scholars in the field of modeling methods for collision safety of lithium-ion batteries in recent years is reviewed systematically. And the research status of modeling methods from aspects of materials constitutive modeling, mechanical modeling and simulation of battery cell, and multi-field coupling modeling methods is summarized. The characteristics, applicability and limitation of various modeling methods are sorted out, and the key issues such as modeling method, simulation accuracy and efficiency are discussed. Finally, the bottleneck problems and further development trend in modeling methods for collision safety of lithium-ion batteries are discussed and prospected. A systematic reference and guidance for the study of crash failure mechanism, modeling and simulation, and safety design of lithium-ion batteries can be provided.