用于锂电池监测的声学和光学传感技术研究进展

The rapid development of lithium batteries has made them the most widely used electrochemical energy storage devices. While improving battery performance, it has also increased safety issues. Therefore, it is necessary to develop advanced monitoring and sensing technologies to obtain internal physical and chemical information about batteries, which can contribute to a deep understanding of the intrinsic physicochemical mechanisms and enable the evaluation of battery states. This study introduced the development history of battery nondestructive monitoring technologies and emphasized the nondestructive monitoring technology of batteries based on acoustic and optical principles, along with its application examples. Acoustic sensing technology provides an ideal nondestructive monitoring approach by deploying acoustic probes outside batteries to gather information on internal structural changes and gas production, without the requirement for invasive measures. Owing to advantages, such as small size, corrosion resistance, and immunity to electromagnetic interference, optical sensors can be implanted into batteries to acquire information on internal thermodynamic, chemical, and mechanical data throughout the entire lifecycle. These advanced acoustic and optical sensing technologies make the evaluation and prediction of the battery's health status, operational reliability, remaining life, and safety possible. Finally, this study elaborates on the opportunities and challenges faced in developing and applying the next generation of smart batteries.