光固化 3D 打印磷酸钙基生物陶瓷支架的研究进展

Calcium phosphate bioceramic porous scaffolds are commonly used as bone grafts for regenerative repair of bone defects in clinic. Vat polymerization (VP⁃based) 3D printing techniques are capable of precisely controlling the pore size, pore shape, interconnectivity of scaffold by its excellent printing accuracy and ability of complex structure forming. Therefore, VP⁃based 3D printing techniques have shown great prospects in the field of fabricating bioceramic porous scaffolds for regenerative repair of bone defects. However, the VP⁃based 3D printing of calcium phosphate bioceramic porous scaffolds still faces several prickly issues. For example, there is lack of high loading calcium phosphate ceramic slurry with low viscosity and low refractive index difference, and the printing and post⁃processing processes are immature, and the performance of calcium phosphate ceramic scaffolds needs to be improved. This review briefly introduces the basic principles and characteristics of several commonly used VP⁃based 3D printing technologies at first, and then systemically explores the research progress and existing problems of VP⁃based 3D printing techniques in the preparation of calcium phosphate bioceramic porous scaffolds from the aspects of 3D printing forming process, mechanical properties, biological activity, scaffold structure and functionalization. Finally, the development trend and breakthrough points of VP⁃based 3D printing calcium phosphate bioceramic scaffolds are prospected, in order to provide a new way for the preparation of calcium phosphate bioceramic scaffolds with excellent comprehensive properties and low cost by VP⁃based 3D printing technologies.