Penetration trajectory programming for air-breathing hypersonic vehicles in cruise duration with control constraints and flight dynamics uncertainties

With regarding to the trajectory shaping interception strategy with terminal impact angle constraint that the air-breathing hypersonic vehicles will confront, the mathematical model of interceptor and penetrator is established based on the appropriate hypothesis of bilateral strategies and hypersonic vehicles’ coupled aerodynamics and thrust properties, and to break out the disadvantage ous terminal engagement scenario, a penetration trajectory programming satisfying control inputs’ saturation limitations is developed by Improved Model Predictive Static Programming(IMPSP). The performance index in original MPSP is extended with terminal costs on the basis of process costs and the corresponding compound iteration equation is derived. By further ins pection, the proposed improved strategies are effective for certain divergence situation with complex and uncertain mathematical model by adaptively adjusting the relevant weight matrixes and other necessary settings. It has been validated by mathematical simulations that not only the convergence rate is warrented under rigorous control constraints and various terminal conditions, but the convergence robustness is strengthened under model uncertainties. Consequently, a penetration trajectory programming is implemented with specific trajectory angle heading error, maximum position devi ation in the vertical and horizontal as well as minimum control energy consumption, which can sufficiently guarantee a successful penetration.