Non-axisymmetric oscillation of acoustically levitated water drops at specific frequencies

A category of non-axisymmetric oscillations of acoustically levitated water drops was observed. These oscillations can be qualitatively described by superposing a sectorial oscillating term upon the initial oblate shape resulting from the effect of acoustic radiation pressure. The oscillation frequencies are around 25Hz for the 2-lobed mode and exactly 50Hz for the 3-and 4-lobed modes. These oscillations were excited by the disturbance from the power supply. For the same water drop, higher mode oscillations were observed with more oblate initial shape, indicating that the eigenfrequencies of these non-axisymmetric oscillations decrease with increasing initial distortion. The maximum velocity and acceleration within the oscillating drop can attain 0.3 m·s ^-1 and 98.7 m·s^-2 respectively, resulting in strong fluid convection and enhanced heat and mass transfer.