TY - JOUR
T1 - Physiological effects of microgravity on bone cells
AU - Arfat, Yasir
AU - Xiao, Wei Zhong
AU - Iftikhar, Salman
AU - Zhao, Fan
AU - Li, Di Jie
AU - Sun, Yu Long
AU - Zhang, Ge
AU - Shang, Peng
AU - Qian, Ai Rong
PY - 2014/6
Y1 - 2014/6
N2 - Life on Earth developed under the influence of normal gravity (1g). With evidence from previous studies, scientists have suggested that normal physiological processes, such as the functional integrity of muscles and bone mass, can be affected by microgravity during spaceflight. During the life span, bone not only develops as a structure designed specifically for mechanical tasks but also adapts for efficiency. The lack of weight-bearing forces makes microgravity an ideal physical stimulus to evaluate bone cell responses. One of the most serious problems induced by long-term weightlessness is bone mineral loss. Results from in vitro studies that entailed the use of bone cells in spaceflights showed modification in cell attachment structures and cytoskeletal reorganization, which may be involved in bone loss. Humans exposed to microgravity conditions experience various physiological changes, including loss of bone mass, muscle deterioration, and immunodeficiency. In vitro models can be used to extract valuable information about changes in mechanical stress to ultimately identify the different pathways of mechanotransduction in bone cells. Despite many in vivo and in vitro studies under both real microgravity and simulated conditions, the mechanism of bone loss is still not well defined. The objective of this review is to summarize the recent research on bone cells under microgravity conditions based on advances in the field.
AB - Life on Earth developed under the influence of normal gravity (1g). With evidence from previous studies, scientists have suggested that normal physiological processes, such as the functional integrity of muscles and bone mass, can be affected by microgravity during spaceflight. During the life span, bone not only develops as a structure designed specifically for mechanical tasks but also adapts for efficiency. The lack of weight-bearing forces makes microgravity an ideal physical stimulus to evaluate bone cell responses. One of the most serious problems induced by long-term weightlessness is bone mineral loss. Results from in vitro studies that entailed the use of bone cells in spaceflights showed modification in cell attachment structures and cytoskeletal reorganization, which may be involved in bone loss. Humans exposed to microgravity conditions experience various physiological changes, including loss of bone mass, muscle deterioration, and immunodeficiency. In vitro models can be used to extract valuable information about changes in mechanical stress to ultimately identify the different pathways of mechanotransduction in bone cells. Despite many in vivo and in vitro studies under both real microgravity and simulated conditions, the mechanism of bone loss is still not well defined. The objective of this review is to summarize the recent research on bone cells under microgravity conditions based on advances in the field.
KW - Bone cell
KW - Bone loss
KW - Mechanotransduction
KW - Microgravity
KW - Physiological effect
KW - Simulated microgravity
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84901983279&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s00223-014-9851-x
DO - 10.1007/s00223-014-9851-x
M3 - 文章
C2 - 24687524
AN - SCOPUS:84901983279
SN - 0171-967X
VL - 94
SP - 569
EP - 579
JO - Calcified Tissue International
JF - Calcified Tissue International
IS - 6
ER -