Phase transition of vanadium and tungsten doped zinc titanate dielectric ceramics by low-temperature sintering

Zinc titanate ceramics were prepared by the conventional mixed-oxide method combined with chemical processing. The influences of raw materials and the addition of V₂O₅ and WO₃ on the phase stability, microstructures and low-temperature sintering behavior of ZnTiO₃ ceramics were investigated; low-temperature sintering mechanism and phase transition mechanism of zinc titanate ceramics with V₂O₅ and WO₃ addition was discussed. The results show that the low-temperature sintering of ceramics was very sensitive to differences in raw materials, especially for TiO₂. The densification temperature of ZnTiO₃ ceramics was reduced to 900°C with increasing V₂O₅ and WO₃ addition. Also the phase transition temperature from hexagonal ZnTiO₃ phase to cubic Zn₂TiO₄ was lowered by adding V₂O₅ and WO₃. The low-temperature sintering mechanism of V₂O₅-doped zinc titanate ceramics was a liquid phase sintering mechanism, while low-temperature sintering of V₂O₅-doped zinc titanate ceramics can be attributed to a solid phase reactive sintering mechanism. The phase decomposition and the second phase degraded the dielectric properties of V₂O₅ and WO₃ doped ceramics.