Multifunctional metallic backbones for origami robotics with strain sensing and wireless communication capabilities

The tight integration of actuation, sensing, and communication capabilities into origami robots enables the development of new-generation functional robots. However, this task is challenging, because the conventional materials (e.g., papers, plastics) for building origami robots lack design opportunities for incorporating add-on functionalities. Installing external electronics requires high system integration and inevitably increases the robotic weight. Herein, a graphene oxide (GO)-enabled templating synthesis was developed to produce reconfigurable,compliant, multifunctional metallic backbones for the fabrication of origami robots with built-in strain sensing and wireless communication capabilities. The GO-enabled templating synthesis realized the production of complex noblemetal origamis (such as Pt) with high structural replication of their paper templates. The reproduced Pt origami structures were further stabilized with thin elastomer, and the Pt-elastomer origamis were reconfigurable and servedas the multifunctional backbones for building origami robots. Compared with traditional paper and plastic materials, there configurable Pt backbones were more deformable, fire-retardant, and power-efficient. Also, the robots withconductive Pt-elastomer backbones (Pt robots) demonstrated distinct capabilities without the needs of external electronics, such as on-demand resistive heating, strain sensing, and built-in antennas. The multifunctionality of Pt robots was further demonstrated, extending the capabilities of traditional paper-based robots, such as melting ice cubeto escape, monitoring/recording robotic motions in real-time, wireless communications between robots. The development of multifunctional metallic backbones that couple actuation, sensing, and communication enrich the material library for the fabrication of soft robotics toward high functional integration.