Dendritic mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (DMONs): Chemical composition, structural architecture, and promising applications

Dendritic mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (DMONs) possess three-dimensional (3D) center-radial nanochannels and hierarchical nanopores, which endows themselves with unique structural features and larger pore volumes, more open pore channels, more accessible internal spaces, etc., compared to conventional mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (MONs). In addition, organic moieties in DMONs skeleton bring about novel biocompatibility, hydrophobicity, and biodegradability, greatly superior to pure inorganic dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (DMSNs) in terms of biochemical applications. Diverse guest species (such as drugs, proteins, or RNA) could be easily loaded onto chemically active sites of the channels’ interfaces, achieving their efficient transportation and the subsequent delivery. During the last five years, DMONs have attracted certain degree of attention and experienced non-ignorable development. Therefore, it is necessary and urgent to popularize this brand-new DMONs. To the best of our knowledge, no document has been reported with special focus on its recent progress. For the first time, this comprehensive review provides a critical survey on the synthetic techniques and the corresponding mechanisms of DMONs, DMONs-based particular architectures (like the hollow, core-shell, multi-shelled, etc.), as well as their application domains. Biochemically related applications are emphatically analyzed in the aspects of the design thoughts, manufacturing processes, integrated functionalities, and action mechanisms. It is sincerely expected that this summary and in-depth discussion could give materials scientists and biochemists certain inspiration to accelerate DMONs subject's booming evolution.