Customized Flexible Osteoid Electrode for Traumatic Brain Injury Induced Posttraumatic Epilepsy Monitoring

Traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a serious brain disease that causes the loss of motor functions, cognitive impairments, and even death. Real-time and long-term electrophysiological signal monitoring has significant implication for the treatment of patient with TBI. Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) utilizing flexible electrodes enable accurate epilepsy identification by electrocorticography (ECoG) signal monitoring. In this study, a customized flexible osteoid electrode is developed, which contributes to demands and personal differentiation among patients with TBI. The end product of osteoid electrode after full osseointegration will be a stable and firmly integrated structure within the bone tissue, providing a secure platform for continuous electrophysiological signal monitoring. The flexibility and conductivity of the osteoid electrode enables high-quality and long-term epilepsy monitoring. Biocompatibility of the osteoid electrode is also demonstrated by in vitro cell experiments. Simultaneously, the porous osteoid electrode also exhibits osseointegration ability based on potential long-term ECoG signal monitoring, which suggests its potential for the comprehensive treatment of TBI patients. This work not only introduces a potential therapeutic scaffold for TBI-related diseases, but also provides promising techniques for clinical ECoG monitoring in patients with TBI.