TY - JOUR
T1 - Controlled light-matter interaction in graphene electrooptic devices using nanophotonic cavities and waveguides
AU - Gan, Xuetao
AU - Shiue, Ren Jye
AU - Gao, Yuanda
AU - Assefa, Solomon
AU - Hone, James
AU - Englund, Dirk
PY - 2014
Y1 - 2014
N2 - Nanophotonic devices, such as waveguides and cavities, can strongly enhance the interaction of light with graphene. We describe techniques for enhancing the interaction of photons with graphene using chip-integrated nanophotonic devices. Transferring single-layer graphene onto planar photonic crystal nanocavities enables a spectrally selective, order-of-magnitude enhancement of optical coupling with graphene, as shown by spectroscopic studies of cavity modes in visible and infrared spectral ranges. We observed dramatically cavity-enhanced absorption, hot photoluminescence emission, and Raman scattering of the monolayer graphene. We also described a broad-spectrum enhancement of the light-matter interaction by coupling graphene with a bus waveguide on a silicon-on-insulator photonic integrated circuit, which enables a 6.2-dB transmission attenuation due to the graphene absorption over a waveguide length of 70 $\mu$m. By electrically gating the graphene monolayer coupled with a planar photonic crystal nanocavity, electrooptic modulation of the cavity reflection was possible with a contrast in excess of 10 dB. Moreover, a novel modulator device based on the cavity-coupled graphene-boron nitride-graphene capacitor was fabricated, showing a modulation speed up to 0.57 GHz. These results indicate the applications of graphene-cavity devices in high-speed and high-contrast modulators with low energy consumption. The integration of graphene with nanophotonic architectures promises a new generation of compact, energy-efficient, and ultrafast electrooptic graphene devices for on-chip optical communications.
AB - Nanophotonic devices, such as waveguides and cavities, can strongly enhance the interaction of light with graphene. We describe techniques for enhancing the interaction of photons with graphene using chip-integrated nanophotonic devices. Transferring single-layer graphene onto planar photonic crystal nanocavities enables a spectrally selective, order-of-magnitude enhancement of optical coupling with graphene, as shown by spectroscopic studies of cavity modes in visible and infrared spectral ranges. We observed dramatically cavity-enhanced absorption, hot photoluminescence emission, and Raman scattering of the monolayer graphene. We also described a broad-spectrum enhancement of the light-matter interaction by coupling graphene with a bus waveguide on a silicon-on-insulator photonic integrated circuit, which enables a 6.2-dB transmission attenuation due to the graphene absorption over a waveguide length of 70 $\mu$m. By electrically gating the graphene monolayer coupled with a planar photonic crystal nanocavity, electrooptic modulation of the cavity reflection was possible with a contrast in excess of 10 dB. Moreover, a novel modulator device based on the cavity-coupled graphene-boron nitride-graphene capacitor was fabricated, showing a modulation speed up to 0.57 GHz. These results indicate the applications of graphene-cavity devices in high-speed and high-contrast modulators with low energy consumption. The integration of graphene with nanophotonic architectures promises a new generation of compact, energy-efficient, and ultrafast electrooptic graphene devices for on-chip optical communications.
KW - Graphene
KW - modulator
KW - optoelectronics
KW - photodetector
KW - photoluminescence (PL)
KW - photonic crystal nanocavity
KW - Raman spectroscopy
KW - waveguide
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84884792115&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/JSTQE.2013.2273412
DO - 10.1109/JSTQE.2013.2273412
M3 - 文章
AN - SCOPUS:84884792115
SN - 1077-260X
VL - 20
JO - IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics
JF - IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics
IS - 1
M1 - 6576195
ER -