Breathable, antibacterial, and highly sensitive tribo-sensors using HOF embedded nanofibers for movements monitoring and injury prevention

Physical activity is essential for physical health and mental well-being, while improper movements can cause serious injuries. To address this challenge, we developed a sweat-resistant, breathable, and antibacterial triboelectric sensor (BATS) for instantaneously monitoring of physical movements and reducing injury risks. The BATS was created using a hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF-101-F) embedded within polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibers. The resultant BATS system, when coupled with a logic circuit, will issue immediate warnings for improper movements or gestures, aiding in injury prevention. The BATS also present an excellent antibacterial property. The photoactive HOF-101-F generates singlet oxygen (¹O₂), achieving over 90 % antibacterial efficacy against E. coli and inhibiting microbial growth under sweaty conditions during physical activity. Additionally, the incorporation of HOF-101-F enhanced the electrical output of the BATS by 250 % compared to pure PVDF. Entirely fiber-based and air-permeable, the BATS can be integrated into sportswear. With its superior comfort, antibacterial efficacy, and exceptional sensitivity, the BATS hold significant promise for personalized health management.