Basic knowledge and research methods

Bone is the hard organ that makes up the endoskeleton of vertebrates. It has complex internal and external structures that allow it to remain rigid while reducing its weight. One of the components of bone is mineralized bone tissue, which has an inner structure of solid honeycomb. Other components of bone include bone marrow, periosteum, nerves, blood vessels, and cartilage. Bone has various functions in the body. The main function of bone is to constitute the body scaffold and perform motor functions together with muscles and nerves. In addition, the growth, development, repair, and aging of bone are all closely related to the stress received by bone. In this chapter, we briefly introduce the basic knowledge of bone and the regulation of mechanical stimulation on bone physiological function.