TY - JOUR
T1 - Advanced Nickel-Based Catalysts for Urea Oxidation Reaction
T2 - Challenges and Developments
AU - Ma, Yaming
AU - Ma, Chenxiang
AU - Wang, Yingche
AU - Wang, Ke
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2022/3
Y1 - 2022/3
N2 - The electrochemical urea oxidation reaction (UOR) is crucial for determining industrial and commercial applications of urea-based energy conversion devices. However, the performance of UOR is limited by the dynamic complex of the six-electron transfer process. To this end, it is essential to develop efficient UOR catalysts. Nickel-based materials have been extensively investigated owing to their high activity, easy modification, stable properties, and cheap and abundant reserves. Various material designs and strategies have been investigated in producing highly efficient UOR catalysts including alloying, doping, heterostructure construction, defect engineering, micro functionalization, conductivity modulation, etc. It is essential to promptly review the progress in this field to significantly inspire subsequent studies. In this review, we summarized a comprehensive investigation of the mechanisms of oxidation or poisoning and UOR processes on nickel-based catalysts as well as different approaches to prepare highly active catalysts. Moreover, challenges and prospects for future developments associated with issues of UOR in urea-based energy conversion applications were also discussed.
AB - The electrochemical urea oxidation reaction (UOR) is crucial for determining industrial and commercial applications of urea-based energy conversion devices. However, the performance of UOR is limited by the dynamic complex of the six-electron transfer process. To this end, it is essential to develop efficient UOR catalysts. Nickel-based materials have been extensively investigated owing to their high activity, easy modification, stable properties, and cheap and abundant reserves. Various material designs and strategies have been investigated in producing highly efficient UOR catalysts including alloying, doping, heterostructure construction, defect engineering, micro functionalization, conductivity modulation, etc. It is essential to promptly review the progress in this field to significantly inspire subsequent studies. In this review, we summarized a comprehensive investigation of the mechanisms of oxidation or poisoning and UOR processes on nickel-based catalysts as well as different approaches to prepare highly active catalysts. Moreover, challenges and prospects for future developments associated with issues of UOR in urea-based energy conversion applications were also discussed.
KW - Direct urea fuel cells
KW - Energy conversion
KW - Nanocomposites
KW - Nickel-based catalysts
KW - Urea oxidation reaction
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85126748518&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/catal12030337
DO - 10.3390/catal12030337
M3 - 文献综述
AN - SCOPUS:85126748518
SN - 2073-4344
VL - 12
JO - Catalysts
JF - Catalysts
IS - 3
M1 - 337
ER -