A 3-D Geometrical-Based Stochastic Model for Satellite-to-Ground MIMO Channels

Studying the characteristics of the satellite-toground (S2G) channel model is essential for the development and assessment of satellite communication systems. In this study, we introduce a unique approach by combining a low-earth-orbit (LEO) random geometric satellite channel model with line-of-sight (LoS) and single-bounced (SB) non-line-of-sight (NLoS) components for the S2G multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel. By utilizing the coaxial cylinders reference model in a lightly shadow environment occluded by terrain features, we compute the space correlation function (SCF) and time correlation function (TCF). To simplify the simulation process, we present a deterministic simulation model using the finite number of scatterers and analyze the various factors that influence channel characteristics. The findings from the simulation indicate that the orientation of both the satellite and terrestrial receiver antennas, as well as their respective movement directions, distances, and the density of scatterers' azimuth angles, all play a significant role in shaping the statistical properties of the channel model.