声爆产生、传播和抑制机理研究进展

Supersonic aircraft can improve transport efficiency remarkably and therefore, has become an important direction of future civil transports and an inevitable trend. However, the sonic boom has always been the bottleneck that limits the return of a commercial supersonic aircraft to service. Based on the development of a new generation of environmentally friendly low-boom supersonic civil aircraft, this article summarizes the current status and latest research progress of the generation, propagation, and mitigation mechanism of sonic boom at home and abroad. First, the theory of sonic boom generation is introduced, while relative explanations in the perspective of physics are described. The volume and lift effects are the two main factors that produce sonic booms. Secondly, the research progress and trends of sonic boom propagation mechanism under atmospheric effects are reviewed, wherein the atmospheric mesoscopic turbulence effect and microscopic absorption effect are two significant factors. Third, we summarize the recent progress of three types of sonic boom mitigation mechanisms, including preventing the coalescence of the shock wave, adjusting the lift reasonably or increasing the effective length, as well as using the interference and reflection of shock waves. Finally, some key issues and challenges relevant to the sonic boom generation, propagation and mitigation mechanism are discussed, and future research directions are suggested.