TY - JOUR
T1 - The Observed Effects of a Cold Wave on Over-the-Horizon Propagation in Evaporation Ducts Across Multiple Sea Areas
AU - Yang, Kunde
AU - Yang, Fan
AU - Wang, Shuwen
AU - Shi, Yang
AU - Zhang, Hao
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 1963-2012 IEEE.
PY - 2024/1/1
Y1 - 2024/1/1
N2 - An evaporation duct is a persistent phenomenon that is formed by evaporation over the sea surface and influences marine communication and radar detection through its trapping effects. A cold wave is cold air that rapidly intensifies and intrudes a region with strong winds, a dry air mass, and precipitation, which affects the air-sea interactions and eventually affects the propagation of electromagnetic (EM) waves over the sea. However, there are few studies of over-the-horizon (OTH) propagation in evaporation duct during a cold wave. In this article, the path loss (PL) and atmospheric factors of two OTH propagation links over the Bohai Strait and Yellow Sea were observed during a cold wave in November 2021. The cold wave caused PL to decrease over 35.9 and 44.2 dB, respectively, at links over the Bohai Strait and Yellow Sea, as the evaporation duct height (EDH) simulated from the measured data increased 5.9 and 7.6 m. According to the sensitivity analysis, high wind speed (WS) was the main factor promoting seawater evaporation during the cold wave, while a decrease in air temperature (AT) had the opposite effect. These effects of cold wave should be taken into consideration in marine communication and radar detection systems to enable the optimal use.
AB - An evaporation duct is a persistent phenomenon that is formed by evaporation over the sea surface and influences marine communication and radar detection through its trapping effects. A cold wave is cold air that rapidly intensifies and intrudes a region with strong winds, a dry air mass, and precipitation, which affects the air-sea interactions and eventually affects the propagation of electromagnetic (EM) waves over the sea. However, there are few studies of over-the-horizon (OTH) propagation in evaporation duct during a cold wave. In this article, the path loss (PL) and atmospheric factors of two OTH propagation links over the Bohai Strait and Yellow Sea were observed during a cold wave in November 2021. The cold wave caused PL to decrease over 35.9 and 44.2 dB, respectively, at links over the Bohai Strait and Yellow Sea, as the evaporation duct height (EDH) simulated from the measured data increased 5.9 and 7.6 m. According to the sensitivity analysis, high wind speed (WS) was the main factor promoting seawater evaporation during the cold wave, while a decrease in air temperature (AT) had the opposite effect. These effects of cold wave should be taken into consideration in marine communication and radar detection systems to enable the optimal use.
KW - Cold air
KW - cold wave
KW - evaporation duct
KW - multiple sea areas
KW - over-the-horizon (OTH) propagation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85181573271&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/TAP.2023.3326873
DO - 10.1109/TAP.2023.3326873
M3 - 文章
AN - SCOPUS:85181573271
SN - 0018-926X
VL - 72
SP - 852
EP - 861
JO - IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation
JF - IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation
IS - 1
ER -
