Springback rules of TA18 titanium tube upon rotary draw bending under variations of material properties

In view of the significant effects of material properties, taking the stress relieved TA18(Ti-3Al-2.5V) titanium tube as the objective, the effects of the variations of material properties on the springback behaviors of TA18 should be urgently addressed to achieve the precise manufacturing of bent TA18 parts. Via uniaxial tension tests of section tubes with different specifications and stokes, the variation range of the TA18 material properties was obtained; Then using Explicit/Implicit 3D-FE based numerical simulation, the obvious linear and the nonlinear behaviors of TA18 under variations of the material properties were thus clarified; furthermore, the effect significance of material variations was compared with that of significant processing parameters, and the effects rules of the TA18 springback on cross-section flattening was further identified.