Research progress of structural regulation and composition optimization to strengthen absorbing mechanism in emerging composites for efficient electromagnetic protection

With the increasing complexity of the current electromagnetic environment, excessive microwave radiation not only does harm to human health but also forms various electromagnetic interference to sophisticated electronic instruments. Therefore, the design and preparation of electromagnetic absorbing composites represent an efficient approach to mitigate the current hazards of electromagnetic radiation. However, traditional electromagnetic absorbers are difficult to satisfy the demands of actual utilization in the face of new challenges, and emerging absorbents have garnered increasing attention due to their structure and performance-based advantages. In this review, several emerging composites of Mxene-based, biochar-based, chiral, and heat-resisting are discussed in detail, including their synthetic strategy, structural superiority and regulation method, and final optimization of electromagnetic absorption capacity. These insights provide a comprehensive reference for the future development of new-generation electromagnetic-wave absorption composites. Moreover, the potential development directions of these emerging absorbers have been proposed as well.