Recent progress in intelligent responsive dielectric electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials

With the rapid development of 5G communication technology, the problem of electromagnetic wave (EMW) pollution has become increasingly prominent. Conventional EMW-absorbing materials are no longer sufficient to meet the protective demands in today's complex electromagnetic environments. The development of intelligent EMW-absorbing materials that can respond to external fields has become the frontier of current research. This review introduces the microstructural design methods of dielectric EMW-absorbing materials, the mechanisms of dielectric loss, and the principles of constructing EMW absorbers. It provides an in-depth discussion of the challenges faced in the research of dielectric EMW-absorbing materials, including the precise regulation of electromagnetic parameters, the expansion of absorption bandwidth, and environmental adaptability. The review focuses on the latest research hotspots in intelligent responsive EMW-absorbing materials, including mechanisms of response to external field stimuli, intelligent regulation methods for absorption frequency bands, and EMW absorption/electromagnetic interference-shielding switches.