TY - JOUR
T1 - Novel high-strength Al-Cu-Cd alloy fabricated by arc-directed energy deposition
T2 - Precipitation behavior of the Cd phase and grain evolution
AU - Wang, Zhennan
AU - Lin, Xin
AU - Wang, Lilin
AU - Yang, Haiou
AU - Zhou, Yinghui
AU - Hufenbach, Julia Kristin
AU - Kosiba, Konrad
AU - Zhang, Tianchi
AU - Huang, Weidong
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2022/12
Y1 - 2022/12
N2 - In this study, a simple and efficient method for obtaining high strength and ductility, i.e., microalloying with Cd, was used for the Al-Cu alloy fabricated by the arc-directed energy deposition (Arc-DED). The resulting deposits exhibited fully equiaxed grain characteristics, and the higher growth restriction factor caused by the higher content of Ti and large nucleation density of Al3Ti precipitates led to the formation of fully α-Al equiaxed grains during solidification, unlike other Arc-DED-deposited Al alloys. A relationship between the number of Al3Ti nuclei and the cooling rate during the Arc-DED process was established. Furthermore, the orientation relationship between the Cd phase and α-Al matrix was defined. The Arc-DED-fabricated material was T6 heat-treated (solution + artificial aging). In the aging stage, the metastable nanoscale Cd particles precipitated with a spherical shape (2 nm in diameter) into a face-centered cubic structure with lattice parameters similar to the α-Al matrix, as suggested by the in-depth transmission electron microscopic analysis. The T6-treated Arc-DED-deposited Al-Cu-Cd alloy shows a superior balance of strength and ductility (yield strength of 414.0 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 475.8 MPa, and elongation to failure of 11.9%) and outperforms other additively manufactured Al-Cu-based materials. This superior tensile mechanical performance is attributed to its finely distributed and equiaxed grains, and the high density of the strengthening θ′-Al2Cu phase.
AB - In this study, a simple and efficient method for obtaining high strength and ductility, i.e., microalloying with Cd, was used for the Al-Cu alloy fabricated by the arc-directed energy deposition (Arc-DED). The resulting deposits exhibited fully equiaxed grain characteristics, and the higher growth restriction factor caused by the higher content of Ti and large nucleation density of Al3Ti precipitates led to the formation of fully α-Al equiaxed grains during solidification, unlike other Arc-DED-deposited Al alloys. A relationship between the number of Al3Ti nuclei and the cooling rate during the Arc-DED process was established. Furthermore, the orientation relationship between the Cd phase and α-Al matrix was defined. The Arc-DED-fabricated material was T6 heat-treated (solution + artificial aging). In the aging stage, the metastable nanoscale Cd particles precipitated with a spherical shape (2 nm in diameter) into a face-centered cubic structure with lattice parameters similar to the α-Al matrix, as suggested by the in-depth transmission electron microscopic analysis. The T6-treated Arc-DED-deposited Al-Cu-Cd alloy shows a superior balance of strength and ductility (yield strength of 414.0 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 475.8 MPa, and elongation to failure of 11.9%) and outperforms other additively manufactured Al-Cu-based materials. This superior tensile mechanical performance is attributed to its finely distributed and equiaxed grains, and the high density of the strengthening θ′-Al2Cu phase.
KW - Al-Cu-Cd alloy
KW - Arc-directed energy deposition
KW - Cadmium precipitation behavior
KW - High strength and ductility
KW - Microstructure formation mechanism
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85142369871&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.addma.2022.103278
DO - 10.1016/j.addma.2022.103278
M3 - 文章
AN - SCOPUS:85142369871
SN - 2214-8604
VL - 60
JO - Additive Manufacturing
JF - Additive Manufacturing
M1 - 103278
ER -