MoSe₂ modified porous channel nanofibers embedded with magnetic particles for efficient electromagnetic wave absorption

Carbon fiber (CF) has shown excellent performance in the application of absorbing materials, with characteristics such as high dielectric loss, strong flexibility, and lightweight are considered to be the support for further development of CF based microwave absorbing materials. However, its single component, unstable structure, monotonous absorption mechanism, and impedance mismatch limit its ability to become a thin, light, wide, and strong absorbing material. In this study, we first proposed porous carbon fiber (PC) composite magnetic nanoparticles and a multi-layer core-shell fiber membrane coated with transition metal sulfides, demonstrating outstanding microwave absorption performance with a remarkable reflection loss of −65 dB. The excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance mainly comes from the processes of electrical relaxation and magnetic relaxation. The electrical relaxation is attributed to the high graphitization of N-doped carbon fibers, while the magnetic relaxation is attributed to the hysteresis loss caused by the Fe₃O₄ core. Considering the influence of the structure of the absorbent on absorption performance, we also constructed porous and heterogeneous layer coating structures to increase multiple reflections. Provided valuable solutions for addressing issues such as electromagnetic interference, electromagnetic radiation protection, signal isolation, and improving equipment electromagnetic compatibility.