Modeling study of convection and constitution variation in ingot during solidification

Convection and constitution variations of liquid metal during solidification have been studied using NH₄Cl solution. The liquid in the mushy zone attached to the side wall of the mold will flow upward and forms a low concentration region in which no significant convection occurs on the top of the liquid zone. This region develops downward gradually during solidification. Addition of an adequate component may suppress the formation of this region.