Measurement and modeling of 3-dimensional radio channels with cross-polarizations in a gymnasium

Directional beamforming can increase network capacity significantly with spatial multiplexing, especially for the hot spots such as airport, shopping malls, and stadiums. Accurate characterization and models of the spatial propagation in these indoor environments are required. In this paper, a 3-dimensional channel measurement campaign in a large gymnasium is presented. A wideband sounder equipped with two dual-polarized crossed linear arrays was used and the transceivers were placed at different positions on the stands. The azimuth and elevation power spectrum and root-mean-square angular spread of arrival (ASA/ESA) of the multipath components were measured. The normal and lognormal distribution models are proposed for the angular power spectra and angular spreads, respectively. Finally it is demonstrated that the angular spreads have no tendency with respect to the transceiver positions. The channel characterization can support the design of the directional transmission technologies for spatial multiplexing in indoor hot-spot scenarios.