Low-cost sensors state estimation algorithm for a small hand-launched solar-powered UAV

In order to reduce the cost of the flight controller and improve the control accuracy of solar-powered unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), three state estimation algorithms based on the extended Kalman filter (EKF) with different structures are proposed: Three-stage series, full-state direct and indirect state estimation algorithms. A small hand-launched solar-powered UAV without ailerons is used as the object with which to compare the algorithm structure, estimation accuracy, and platform requirements and application. The three-stage estimation algorithm has a position accuracy of 6 m and is suitable for low-cost small, low control precision UAVs. The precision of fullstate direct algorithm is 3.4 m, which is suitable for platforms with low-cost and high-trajectory tracking accuracy. The precision of the full-state indirect method is similar to the direct, but it is more stable for state switching, overall parameters estimation, and can be applied to large platforms. A full-scaled electric hand-launched UAV loaded with the three-stage series algorithm was used for the field test. Results verified the feasibility of the estimation algorithm and it obtained a position estimation accuracy of 23 m.