Improved Crystallization and Stability of Mixed-Cation Tin Iodide for Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells

Xin Xu; Kun Cao; Wenjing Zhu; Wenwen Gu; Ben Ma; Minchao Qin; Jie Qian; Yao Lu; Ziwei Liu; Shufen Chen; Xinhui Lu; Wei Huang

doi:10.1021/acsaem.0c00407

Improved Crystallization and Stability of Mixed-Cation Tin Iodide for Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells

Xin Xu, Kun Cao, Wenjing Zhu, Wenwen Gu, Ben Ma, Minchao Qin, Jie Qian, Yao Lu, Ziwei Liu, Shufen Chen, Xinhui Lu, Wei Huang

Institute of Flexible Electronics

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

19 Scopus citations

Abstract

Formamidinium tin iodide (FASnI3) perovskite is a promising light harvester for lead-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the poor quality of the solution-processed FASnI3 film always leads to an inferior efficiency and poor stability. Herein, we demonstrate a mixed-cation strategy by trace-doping of highly hydrophobic cations to construct high-quality three-dimensional (3D) perovskite films. Tin halide perovskites with FA and 3,3-diphenylpropylammonium (DPPA) hybrid cations were fabricated, and the trace-doping of DPPA cations can greatly enhance the stability of 3D perovskites by suppressing the oxidation of Sn2+ to Sn4+. After optimization of DPPAI/FAI ratios, the DPPA0.02FA0.98SnI3 perovskite achieves better film crystallinity and morphology. Our champion device based on DPPA0.02FA0.98SnI3 perovskite shows the highest power conversion efficiency of 6.75% with all improved device parameters. Moreover, the corresponding unencapsulated device retains 70% of its initial efficiency after aging over 600 h in N2 environment. This work provides a feasible approach to fabricate high-quality 3D perovskites for lead-free PSCs applications.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	5415-5426
Number of pages	12
Journal	ACS Applied Energy Materials
Volume	3
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.0c00407
State	Published - 22 Jun 2020

Keywords

crystallinity
DPPAI
lead-free
mixed-cation
perovskite solar cells

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10.1021/acsaem.0c00407

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title = "Improved Crystallization and Stability of Mixed-Cation Tin Iodide for Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells",

abstract = "Formamidinium tin iodide (FASnI3) perovskite is a promising light harvester for lead-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the poor quality of the solution-processed FASnI3 film always leads to an inferior efficiency and poor stability. Herein, we demonstrate a mixed-cation strategy by trace-doping of highly hydrophobic cations to construct high-quality three-dimensional (3D) perovskite films. Tin halide perovskites with FA and 3,3-diphenylpropylammonium (DPPA) hybrid cations were fabricated, and the trace-doping of DPPA cations can greatly enhance the stability of 3D perovskites by suppressing the oxidation of Sn2+ to Sn4+. After optimization of DPPAI/FAI ratios, the DPPA0.02FA0.98SnI3 perovskite achieves better film crystallinity and morphology. Our champion device based on DPPA0.02FA0.98SnI3 perovskite shows the highest power conversion efficiency of 6.75% with all improved device parameters. Moreover, the corresponding unencapsulated device retains 70% of its initial efficiency after aging over 600 h in N2 environment. This work provides a feasible approach to fabricate high-quality 3D perovskites for lead-free PSCs applications.",

keywords = "crystallinity, DPPAI, lead-free, mixed-cation, perovskite solar cells",

author = "Xin Xu and Kun Cao and Wenjing Zhu and Wenwen Gu and Ben Ma and Minchao Qin and Jie Qian and Yao Lu and Ziwei Liu and Shufen Chen and Xinhui Lu and Wei Huang",

note = "Publisher Copyright: Copyright {\textcopyright} 2020 American Chemical Society.",

year = "2020",

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doi = "10.1021/acsaem.0c00407",

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T1 - Improved Crystallization and Stability of Mixed-Cation Tin Iodide for Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells

AU - Xu, Xin

AU - Cao, Kun

AU - Zhu, Wenjing

AU - Gu, Wenwen

AU - Ma, Ben

AU - Qin, Minchao

AU - Qian, Jie

AU - Lu, Yao

AU - Liu, Ziwei

AU - Chen, Shufen

AU - Lu, Xinhui

AU - Huang, Wei

PY - 2020/6/22

Y1 - 2020/6/22

N2 - Formamidinium tin iodide (FASnI3) perovskite is a promising light harvester for lead-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the poor quality of the solution-processed FASnI3 film always leads to an inferior efficiency and poor stability. Herein, we demonstrate a mixed-cation strategy by trace-doping of highly hydrophobic cations to construct high-quality three-dimensional (3D) perovskite films. Tin halide perovskites with FA and 3,3-diphenylpropylammonium (DPPA) hybrid cations were fabricated, and the trace-doping of DPPA cations can greatly enhance the stability of 3D perovskites by suppressing the oxidation of Sn2+ to Sn4+. After optimization of DPPAI/FAI ratios, the DPPA0.02FA0.98SnI3 perovskite achieves better film crystallinity and morphology. Our champion device based on DPPA0.02FA0.98SnI3 perovskite shows the highest power conversion efficiency of 6.75% with all improved device parameters. Moreover, the corresponding unencapsulated device retains 70% of its initial efficiency after aging over 600 h in N2 environment. This work provides a feasible approach to fabricate high-quality 3D perovskites for lead-free PSCs applications.

AB - Formamidinium tin iodide (FASnI3) perovskite is a promising light harvester for lead-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the poor quality of the solution-processed FASnI3 film always leads to an inferior efficiency and poor stability. Herein, we demonstrate a mixed-cation strategy by trace-doping of highly hydrophobic cations to construct high-quality three-dimensional (3D) perovskite films. Tin halide perovskites with FA and 3,3-diphenylpropylammonium (DPPA) hybrid cations were fabricated, and the trace-doping of DPPA cations can greatly enhance the stability of 3D perovskites by suppressing the oxidation of Sn2+ to Sn4+. After optimization of DPPAI/FAI ratios, the DPPA0.02FA0.98SnI3 perovskite achieves better film crystallinity and morphology. Our champion device based on DPPA0.02FA0.98SnI3 perovskite shows the highest power conversion efficiency of 6.75% with all improved device parameters. Moreover, the corresponding unencapsulated device retains 70% of its initial efficiency after aging over 600 h in N2 environment. This work provides a feasible approach to fabricate high-quality 3D perovskites for lead-free PSCs applications.

KW - crystallinity

KW - DPPAI

KW - lead-free

KW - mixed-cation

KW - perovskite solar cells

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JO - ACS Applied Energy Materials

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Improved Crystallization and Stability of Mixed-Cation Tin Iodide for Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells

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