TY - JOUR
T1 - Higher-order flow modes in turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection
AU - Xi, Heng Dong
AU - Zhang, Yi Bao
AU - Hao, Jian Tao
AU - Xia, Ke Qing
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Cambridge University Press.
PY - 2016/10/25
Y1 - 2016/10/25
N2 - We present experimental studies of higher-order modes of the flow in turbulent thermal convection in cells of aspect ratio (Τ) 1 and 0.5. The working fluid is water with the Prandtl number (Pr) kept at around 5.0. The Rayleigh number (Ra) ranges from 9 × 108 to 6×109 for Τ 1 and from 1:6×1010 to 7:2 × 1010 for Τ = 5. We found that in Τ = 1 cells, the first mode, which corresponds to the large-scale circulation (LSC), dominates the flow. The second mode (quadrupole mode), the third mode (sextupole mode) and the fourth mode (octupole mode) are very weak, on average these higherorder modes each contains less than 4% of the total flow energy. In τ =0:5 cells, the first mode is still the strongest but less dominant, the second mode becomes stronger which contains 13.7% of the total flow energy and the third and the fourth modes are also stronger (containing 6.5% and 1.1% of the total flow energy respectively). It is found that during a reversal/cessation, the amplitude of the second mode and the remaining modes experiences a rapid increase followed by a decrease, which is opposite to the behaviour of the amplitude of the first mode-it decreases to almost zero then rebounds. In addition, it is found that during the cessation (reversal) of the LSC, the second mode dominates, containing 51.3% (50.1 %) of the total flow energy, which reveals that the commonly called cessation event is not the cessation of the entire flow but only the cessation of the first mode (LSC). The experiment reveals that the second mode and the remaining higher-order modes play important roles in the dynamical process of the reversal/cessation of the LSC. We also show direct evidence that the first mode is more efficient for heat transfer. Furthermore, our study reveals that, during the cessation/reversal of the LSC, Nu drops to its local minimum and the minimum of Nu is ahead of the minimum of the amplitude of the LSC; and reversals can be distinguished from cessations in terms of global heat transport. A direct velocity measurement reveals the flow structure of the first-and higher-order modes.
AB - We present experimental studies of higher-order modes of the flow in turbulent thermal convection in cells of aspect ratio (Τ) 1 and 0.5. The working fluid is water with the Prandtl number (Pr) kept at around 5.0. The Rayleigh number (Ra) ranges from 9 × 108 to 6×109 for Τ 1 and from 1:6×1010 to 7:2 × 1010 for Τ = 5. We found that in Τ = 1 cells, the first mode, which corresponds to the large-scale circulation (LSC), dominates the flow. The second mode (quadrupole mode), the third mode (sextupole mode) and the fourth mode (octupole mode) are very weak, on average these higherorder modes each contains less than 4% of the total flow energy. In τ =0:5 cells, the first mode is still the strongest but less dominant, the second mode becomes stronger which contains 13.7% of the total flow energy and the third and the fourth modes are also stronger (containing 6.5% and 1.1% of the total flow energy respectively). It is found that during a reversal/cessation, the amplitude of the second mode and the remaining modes experiences a rapid increase followed by a decrease, which is opposite to the behaviour of the amplitude of the first mode-it decreases to almost zero then rebounds. In addition, it is found that during the cessation (reversal) of the LSC, the second mode dominates, containing 51.3% (50.1 %) of the total flow energy, which reveals that the commonly called cessation event is not the cessation of the entire flow but only the cessation of the first mode (LSC). The experiment reveals that the second mode and the remaining higher-order modes play important roles in the dynamical process of the reversal/cessation of the LSC. We also show direct evidence that the first mode is more efficient for heat transfer. Furthermore, our study reveals that, during the cessation/reversal of the LSC, Nu drops to its local minimum and the minimum of Nu is ahead of the minimum of the amplitude of the LSC; and reversals can be distinguished from cessations in terms of global heat transport. A direct velocity measurement reveals the flow structure of the first-and higher-order modes.
KW - Bénard convection
KW - plumes/thermals
KW - turbulent convection
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84988391736&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1017/jfm.2016.572
DO - 10.1017/jfm.2016.572
M3 - 文章
AN - SCOPUS:84988391736
SN - 0022-1120
VL - 805
SP - 31
EP - 51
JO - Journal of Fluid Mechanics
JF - Journal of Fluid Mechanics
ER -