Effect of Titanium Content and Doping Method on Phase Formation and Properties of Nb3Sn Strand

Y. G. Shi; Q. Guo; H. C. Kou; C. G. Wang; J. Y. Chen; J. P. Li; G. Y. Han; Z. Li; B. Wu; J. F. Li; X. H. Liu; Y. Feng; P. X. Zhang

doi:10.1109/TASC.2025.3533473

Effect of Titanium Content and Doping Method on Phase Formation and Properties of Nb₃Sn Strand

Y. G. Shi, Q. Guo, H. C. Kou, C. G. Wang, J. Y. Chen, J. P. Li, G. Y. Han, Z. Li, B. Wu, J. F. Li, X. H. Liu, Y. Feng, P. X. Zhang

School of Materials Sience and Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Doping with Ti is crucial for enhancing the upper critical field of Nb₃Sn strand produced by internal tin process. This study investigates the effects of different Ti doping methods and concentrations on the low-temperature performance of Nb₃Sn strand. We compare two methods: one replaces Nb cores with NbTi cores, while the other integrates Ti into Sn ingots to form SnTi alloys, with adjustable Ti content. Four Nb₃Sn strand with varying Ti concentrations were produced using these methods. Microstructural and performance tests show that Ti doping refines Nb₃Sn grains. J_c increases with Ti content from 0% to 2%, but decreases beyond 2% due to grain growth from excessive Ti. Additionally, the larger Ti₆Sn₅ phase in the SnTi alloy results in more breakage during processing. Thus, using SnCu alloy as the Sn source and NbTi rods for Ti doping is a more feasible approach for the production of Nb₃Sn strands.

Original language	English
Article number	6000905
Journal	IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity
Volume	35
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3533473
State	Published - 2025

Keywords

Internal tin process
critical current density
critical magnetic field
doping

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10.1109/TASC.2025.3533473

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@article{b69c93c5f4e14d3fb5c3c21954236748,

title = "Effect of Titanium Content and Doping Method on Phase Formation and Properties of Nb3Sn Strand",

abstract = "Doping with Ti is crucial for enhancing the upper critical field of Nb3Sn strand produced by internal tin process. This study investigates the effects of different Ti doping methods and concentrations on the low-temperature performance of Nb3Sn strand. We compare two methods: one replaces Nb cores with NbTi cores, while the other integrates Ti into Sn ingots to form SnTi alloys, with adjustable Ti content. Four Nb3Sn strand with varying Ti concentrations were produced using these methods. Microstructural and performance tests show that Ti doping refines Nb3Sn grains. Jc increases with Ti content from 0% to 2%, but decreases beyond 2% due to grain growth from excessive Ti. Additionally, the larger Ti6Sn5 phase in the SnTi alloy results in more breakage during processing. Thus, using SnCu alloy as the Sn source and NbTi rods for Ti doping is a more feasible approach for the production of Nb3Sn strands.",

keywords = "Internal tin process, critical current density, critical magnetic field, doping",

author = "Shi, {Y. G.} and Q. Guo and Kou, {H. C.} and Wang, {C. G.} and Chen, {J. Y.} and Li, {J. P.} and Han, {G. Y.} and Z. Li and B. Wu and Li, {J. F.} and Liu, {X. H.} and Y. Feng and Zhang, {P. X.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025 IEEE.",

year = "2025",

doi = "10.1109/TASC.2025.3533473",

language = "英语",

volume = "35",

journal = "IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity",

issn = "1051-8223",

publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.",

number = "5",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Effect of Titanium Content and Doping Method on Phase Formation and Properties of Nb3Sn Strand

AU - Shi, Y. G.

AU - Guo, Q.

AU - Kou, H. C.

AU - Wang, C. G.

AU - Chen, J. Y.

AU - Li, J. P.

AU - Han, G. Y.

AU - Li, Z.

AU - Wu, B.

AU - Li, J. F.

AU - Liu, X. H.

AU - Feng, Y.

AU - Zhang, P. X.

PY - 2025

Y1 - 2025

N2 - Doping with Ti is crucial for enhancing the upper critical field of Nb3Sn strand produced by internal tin process. This study investigates the effects of different Ti doping methods and concentrations on the low-temperature performance of Nb3Sn strand. We compare two methods: one replaces Nb cores with NbTi cores, while the other integrates Ti into Sn ingots to form SnTi alloys, with adjustable Ti content. Four Nb3Sn strand with varying Ti concentrations were produced using these methods. Microstructural and performance tests show that Ti doping refines Nb3Sn grains. Jc increases with Ti content from 0% to 2%, but decreases beyond 2% due to grain growth from excessive Ti. Additionally, the larger Ti6Sn5 phase in the SnTi alloy results in more breakage during processing. Thus, using SnCu alloy as the Sn source and NbTi rods for Ti doping is a more feasible approach for the production of Nb3Sn strands.

AB - Doping with Ti is crucial for enhancing the upper critical field of Nb3Sn strand produced by internal tin process. This study investigates the effects of different Ti doping methods and concentrations on the low-temperature performance of Nb3Sn strand. We compare two methods: one replaces Nb cores with NbTi cores, while the other integrates Ti into Sn ingots to form SnTi alloys, with adjustable Ti content. Four Nb3Sn strand with varying Ti concentrations were produced using these methods. Microstructural and performance tests show that Ti doping refines Nb3Sn grains. Jc increases with Ti content from 0% to 2%, but decreases beyond 2% due to grain growth from excessive Ti. Additionally, the larger Ti6Sn5 phase in the SnTi alloy results in more breakage during processing. Thus, using SnCu alloy as the Sn source and NbTi rods for Ti doping is a more feasible approach for the production of Nb3Sn strands.

KW - Internal tin process

KW - critical current density

KW - critical magnetic field

KW - doping

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U2 - 10.1109/TASC.2025.3533473

DO - 10.1109/TASC.2025.3533473

M3 - 文章

AN - SCOPUS:85216103698

SN - 1051-8223

VL - 35

JO - IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity

JF - IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity

IS - 5

M1 - 6000905

ER -

Effect of Titanium Content and Doping Method on Phase Formation and Properties of Nb₃Sn Strand

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Keywords

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