TY - JOUR
T1 - Design of Modified Butler Matrix Based on N-Way Directional Coupler and Its Multibeam Application
AU - Han, Kangkang
AU - Wei, Gao
AU - Wang, Min
AU - Qiu, Tiancheng
AU - Lei, Siyuan
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 1963-2012 IEEE.
PY - 2023/4/1
Y1 - 2023/4/1
N2 - In this article, a new approach to designing a modified N2 × N2 Butler matrix (BM) based on an N-way directional coupler (NWDC) is presented. First, by introducing phase shifters and ingeniously arranging the input and output ports, the topologies of 9 × 9 BM based on a three-way directional coupler (3WDC) and 16 × 16 BM based on a four-way directional coupler (4WDC) are built. Next, according to the design method of 9 × 9 BM and 16 × 16 BM, the topology design of modified N2 × N2 BM based on NWDC is developed. Considering whether there are progressive phase differences (PPDs) of 0° at output ports, the two cases in which N is odd and even are discussed. Finally, in order to verify the design method, a prototype of microstrip 9 × 9 BM working at 5.5 GHz is designed, fabricated, and measured. The results show that the designed microstrip 9 × 9 BM achieves equal power division and nine different PPDs among the output signals when the nine input ports are excited, respectively, which meets design expectations. And it is used as a beamforming network (BFN) for a multibeam antenna array (MAA) to generate nine radiation beams. And then, the design method of modified N2 × N2 BM is validated by the implementation of microstrip 9 × 9 BM. And the design method of the modified N2 × N2 BM provides a novel approach for BFN technology when massive input and output ports are required.
AB - In this article, a new approach to designing a modified N2 × N2 Butler matrix (BM) based on an N-way directional coupler (NWDC) is presented. First, by introducing phase shifters and ingeniously arranging the input and output ports, the topologies of 9 × 9 BM based on a three-way directional coupler (3WDC) and 16 × 16 BM based on a four-way directional coupler (4WDC) are built. Next, according to the design method of 9 × 9 BM and 16 × 16 BM, the topology design of modified N2 × N2 BM based on NWDC is developed. Considering whether there are progressive phase differences (PPDs) of 0° at output ports, the two cases in which N is odd and even are discussed. Finally, in order to verify the design method, a prototype of microstrip 9 × 9 BM working at 5.5 GHz is designed, fabricated, and measured. The results show that the designed microstrip 9 × 9 BM achieves equal power division and nine different PPDs among the output signals when the nine input ports are excited, respectively, which meets design expectations. And it is used as a beamforming network (BFN) for a multibeam antenna array (MAA) to generate nine radiation beams. And then, the design method of modified N2 × N2 BM is validated by the implementation of microstrip 9 × 9 BM. And the design method of the modified N2 × N2 BM provides a novel approach for BFN technology when massive input and output ports are required.
KW - Beamforming network (BFN)
KW - Butler matrix (BM)
KW - N-way directional coupler (NWDC)
KW - multibeam
KW - progressive phase difference (PPD)
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85144027635&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/TMTT.2022.3219444
DO - 10.1109/TMTT.2022.3219444
M3 - 文章
AN - SCOPUS:85144027635
SN - 0018-9480
VL - 71
SP - 1654
EP - 1662
JO - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques
JF - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques
IS - 4
ER -