Comparative theoretical studies on energetic substituted 1,2,4-triazole molecules and their corresponding ionic salts containing 1,2,4-triazole-based cations or anions

Yuling Shao, Yong Pan, Qiong Wu, Weihua Zhu, Jinshan Li, Bibo Cheng, Heming Xiao

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

8 Scopus citations

Abstract

We have studied the densities, heats of formation, energetic properties, and thermodynamics of formation for a series of substituted 1,2,4-triazole molecules and their corresponding ionic salts containing 1,2,4-triazolium cations or 1,2,4-triazolide anions using density functional theory and volume-based thermodynamics method. The results show that when the 1,2,4-triazole molecules lose a proton to form corresponding 1,2,4-triazole-based anions, their salts have smaller densities than corresponding molecules. When the molecules get a proton to form the 1,2,4-triazole-based cations, their salts have higher densities than corresponding molecules. The transformation of the 1,2,4-triazole derivatives from nonionic molecules to corresponding cations or anions are very helpful for increasing their heats of formation. Changing the 1,2,4-triazole derivatives into corresponding cations or anions produce different effects on their heats of detonation. Overall, as the compound numbering varies, the evolution trend of heat of detonation is very similar to heat of formation. The salts containing the 1,2,4-triazolide anions have smaller detonation velocities and pressures than corresponding 1,2,4-triazole molecules, whereas the salts containing the 1,2,4-triazolium cations have higher detonation velocities and pressures than corresponding molecules. Finally, the lattice enthalpies and entropies were used to construct a thermodynamic cycle for salt formation to predict the possibility to synthesize the salts.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1429-1442
Number of pages14
JournalStructural Chemistry
Volume24
Issue number5
DOIs
StatePublished - Oct 2013
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • Density functional theory
  • Energetic properties
  • Heats of formation
  • Thermodynamics of salt formation

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