Application of Gas-Kinetic Scheme for Continuum and Near-Continuum Flow on Unstructured Mesh

A gas-kinetic scheme (GKS) with kinetic boundary condition based on unstructured mesh is present here. In the GKS method, the solid wall boundary conditions can be constructed by virtue of the gas distribution function, which is similar to the diffuse-scattering rule used in the other kinetic schemes. The kinetic boundary condition has a concise form and easy to implement. The use of unstructured mesh expands the adaptability of GKS to simulate the flows with complex geometry. The kinetic boundary condition can recover to the non-slip boundary condition in the continuum regime. In the slip regime, the slip velocity can be accurately predicted by kinetic boundary condition, which turns into the slip boundary condition. The use of kinetic boundary condition improves the calculation results of GKS in near-continuum flow. A series of test cases, from incompressible to compressible flow with a wide range of Knudsen number, are investigated to demonstrate the performance of kinetic boundary condition in near-continuum flow, which can provide a reference for the construction and optimisation for GKS-based multi-scale hybrid algorithms.