An effective aerodynamics/acoustic optimization of blade tip planform for helicopter rotors

Sections 1, 2 and 3 of the full paper explain the optimization mentioned in the title, which we believe is more effective than previous ones. Their core consists of: "The aerodynamic/acoustic optimization of rotor blade tip shape is studied with the genetic algorithm based on the Kriging model. To obtain accurately aerodynamic performance and acoustic pressure, the flow around helicopter rotor in forward flight is simulated by solving URANS (Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes) equations on a chimera grid system, then the solution on the intermeadial grid is used to solve FW-Hpds (Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings equation with Penetrable Data Surface) equation. Kriging model, which is built by using LHS (Latin Hypercube Sampling) to produce sample points, is used to improve computational efficiency, thus making it possible to accomplish the optimization process successfully". Optimization based on AH-1/OLS rotor in forward flight is accomplished with the aerodynamic performance as a constraint and with the minimization of the absolute sound pressure peak value taken as an objective function. The optimized simulation results, presented in Figs. 7 through 14 and Tables 1 through 4, and their analysis show preliminarily that our optimization method is indeed effective.