A candidate for lead-free ultrahigh-temperature piezoelectrics: The excellent electro-mechanical properties of Aurivillius oxides, Ca 1-5xLi2xNd2xxBi 2Nb2-2xScxWxO9-1.5x

Changbai Long, Huiqing Fan, Mengmeng Li, Pengrong Ren, Yu Cai

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65 Scopus citations

Abstract

Modified ultrahigh-temperature piezoelectric ceramics, Ca 1-5xLi2xNd2xxBi 2Nb2-2xScxWxO9-1.5x (CBNO-LiNd-ScW-x, x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04; □ represented A-site vacancies), were synthesized by a traditional solid-state reaction process. XRD Rietveld refinement, TEM, HRTEM and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the crystal structures and domain structures of the prepared ceramics. The lithium/neodymium (Li/Nd) and scandium/tungsten (Sc/W) co-substitution as well as the existence of small amounts of A-site vacancies significantly enhanced the ferroelectric and electro-mechanical properties of the CBNO-LiNd-ScW-x ceramics. The Curie temperature (Tc) decreased from 941°C to 832°C as the x values increased in CBNO-LiNd-ScW-x, because of an enhancement in the cation disordering between the A site and the bismuth oxide layer. The CBNO-LiNd-ScW-0.01 ceramic with an ultrahigh Tc of 908°C had a high piezoelectric activity (d33) of 20.6 pC N -1, a large field-induced strain (S33) of 0.27 × 10-3 and a high remnant polarization (Pr) of 6.1 μC cm-2, due to the perfect growth in the ferroelectric domains and the contribution from the reversal of the defect dipoles (V Ca′′-VO•• and Sc Nb′′-VO••); interestingly, it still has a high d33 of 19.5 pC N-1 after up to 800°C thermal annealing. In addition, the CBNO-LiNd-ScW-0.01 ceramic had a relatively high resistivity of >106 Ω cm at 600°C and >105 Ω cm at 700°C.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)10212-10221
Number of pages10
JournalCrystEngComm
Volume15
Issue number47
DOIs
StatePublished - 21 Dec 2013

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