电脉冲处理对金属材料组织、力学性能影响的研究进展

Multi-energy field assisted processing is an important direction for the development of advanced manufacturing technology. Electropulsing treatment (EPT)is an innovative technology, which has been used to improve the microstructure and mechanical properties of metallic materials by applying electric pulse current. The EPT has broad promising applications in the manufacturing industry. Due to the advantages of energy saving and high efficiency that can quickly heat up materials, EPT has preponderance over conventional heat treatment in terms of improving material plasticity, promoting recrystallization and phase transformation. The response of microstructure and mechanical properties of metal materials to EPT has attracted wide attention. The coupling effects, including joule heating effect, electromigration effect and other electroplastic effects, could enhance the atomic diffusion and dislocation migration to improve the forming ability. In addition, pulse current can significantly promote grain refinement, solid-state phase transition, and texture weakening, so as to obtain excellent comprehensive mechanical properties. In addition, EPT can repair internal porosities and cracks of the material to effectively inhibit the crack propagation and improve the fracture behavior. Based on the existing research, the effect of EPT on the microstructure and mechanical properties of materials has been summarized and the mechanism is preliminarily analyzed from the aspects of grain refinement, solid-state phase transition, and crack repair. Moreover, the related researches on the formation characteristics and performance of welded joints after EPT are also included in the paper. Finally, the follow-up research on EPT is discussed.