仿 信 天 翁 变 形 翼 动 态 滑 翔 获 能 特 性

Albatrosses can achieve long-distance migrations without flapping their wings by utilizing the horizontal wind gradient above the sea. Their gliding mode is known as dynamic soaring, which has great potential in improving the range, endurance, and wind resistance of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). However, current UAVs are suffering from low energy harvesting efficiency, which hinders the full realization of the advantages of dynamic soaring, and poses a bottleneck for UAV applications. This paper aims to address the problem of UAV dynamic soaring energy harvesting efficiency. Based on the results of previous research on wing morphing, research on the albatross-inspired morphing wing is conducted to analyze the impact of wing morphing on the characteristics of dynamic soaring energy harvesting. An albatross-inspired morphing wing is designed, and its aerodynamic performance and morphing modes are simulated. An aerodynamic surrogate model and trajectory optimization are used to investigate the influence of wing morphing on dynamic soaring trajectories and energy harvesting efficiency, as well as to analyze the underlying mechanisms of wing morphing. The results show that wing morphing increases the endurance of UAV dynamic soaring by 12.7%, and improves the overall energy harvesting efficiency by over 16.8%. The UAV can choose the corresponding wing morphing pattern in different dynamic soaring phases to increase lift or reduce drag, so as to ensure the best lift-drag ratio. The lift-drag ratio of the morphing wing is greater than the fixed wing in flight, with a maximum of 20.1% higher lift-drag ratio. The optimal wing morphing pattern of UAV dynamic soaring obtained is similar to the real wing deformation law of the albatross, and the influence of wing morphing on UAV dynamic soaring energy harvesting efficiency and the feasible morphing patterns are defined.