Study on the Load Characteristics and Ballistic Stability of High-speed Water Entry for Vehicle in Wave Environments

The non-constant characteristics of the wave environment substantially impact the flow field structure and motion stability of the trans-medium vehicle. In this paper, a multiphase coupled numerical model of a vehicle with cavitation disk of high-speed water entry under wave interference is established on the basis of the VOF multiphase flow model and overlapping mesh technology. The accuracy of the model is verified through comparisons between experimental data and simulation results. This study systematically investigates the influence mechanisms of parameters such as the water-entry inclination angle, the attack angle, and the wave phase on the impact load and the trajectory stability. The results indicate that the cavity exhibits asymmetric evolution characteristics during the process of wavefront water entry influenced by the relative angle of water entry. The peak axial load at the water entry of the wave crest and trough phases is 1.5 times that of the peak load at the water entry of the wave front. Ballistic destabilization is most pronounced under the wavefront entry condition (70° water entry angle and 3° angle of attack). These findings provide valuable theoretical support for ballistic prediction and attitude control of trans-media vehicles entering water under complex sea states.