Stability Optimization Oriented Real-Time Energy Management System for Turbo-Hybrid Electric Aircrafts

Hybrid-electric aircraft combine the advantages of fuel and electric power, with secondary energy conversion unified as electricity, offering benefits such as extended range and low noise. However, the complex power architecture, variable operating conditions, and high-impact loads pose significant challenges to the stability and energy management of the power supply system. To address this issue, this study proposes a stability optimization oriented hierarchical control framework, which achieves online optimal control under multiple constraints, targeting both system stability and fuel consumption. In this article, the stability region of the hybrid-electric power system under different operating conditions have been quantitatively analyzed, establishing a stability criterion for the real-time controller of hybrid-electric power systems. A distributed control method employing virtual impedance is developed to simultaneously improve system stability and regulate power distribution in real time control layer. A receding-horizon energy management system is proposed for the long-term energy management layer of aircraft hybrid power systems, where model predictive control performs online rolling optimization to minimize fuel consumption while enforcing stability constraints. Hardware-in-the-loop simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach maintains stability across all operating conditions while achieving 7.56% reduction in fuel consumption, 19.8% extension of turbine engine lifetime, and 7 times faster computation speed compared to finite state machines and genetic algorithms baselines respectively.