Source localization using multi-path time delays measured by two hydrophones in the deep ocean

In this paper, an efficient source location approach based on the time delay between bottom-surface reflection and surface-bottom reflection (TDBS) in the deep ocean was proposed. The source range and depth were derived with the TDBSs and the corresponding receiver depths on the basis of ray theory. For a single receiver, the relationship between the TDBS and the source position could be regarded as a monotonic function, which corresponded to the main lobe on the ambiguity surface calculated by matching the multipath time delays of the real data and the replicas. The source could be localized by the intersection of the main lobes, which were calculated using the TDBSs measured by at least two receivers. The performance was demonstrated with numerical simulation and experiments for the source in and out of the shadow zone.