Source localization by matching sound intensity with a vertical array in the deep ocean

The characteristics of the reliable acoustic path (RAP) have been widely used to estimate source depth in the deep ocean. Here, a passive broadband source localization method that estimates both depth and range using the interference of the broadband signal with a non-synchronous vertical array in the RAP is demonstrated. The acoustic intensity distribution versus frequency and depth, which includes interference characteristics, is calculated from non-synchronous vertical array data and used to locate the source. Simulations and an experiment conducted in the western Pacific show that this method can successfully locate a broadband submerged source in the range of 10-30 km.