Self-Powered Permeable Electronic Dressing for Exudate Management, Electrostimulation and Drug Delivery in Chronic Wound Healing

Chronic wounds characterized by excessive exudation, bacterial infection, and persistent inflammatory responses pose critical challenges to clinical management. To address these issues, we develop a self-powered permeable electronic dressing (SPED) that synergistically integrates exudate management, electrostimulation therapy, and drug delivery to accelerate chronic wound healing. SPED combines a Janus fiber substrate with asymmetric wettability, a triboelectric nanogenerator embedded in liquid metal circuits, and conductive microneedles loaded with antibacterial drugs. This design enables both unidirectional exudate drainage and self-powered therapeutic electrical stimulation (ES) with on-demand drug release. In vitro studies demonstrate that SPED significantly enhanced fibroblast proliferation and migration under ES and exhibited potent antibacterial effects. In diabetic mouse models, SPED markedly accelerated wound healing through multiple coordinated mechanisms: promoting re-epithelialization, increasing collagen deposition, inducing M2 macrophage polarization, reducing inflammation, and stimulating angiogenesis. Furthermore, its ultrathin, permeable, and tissue-adhesive properties ensure long-term wearing comfort. By integrating autonomous energy harvesting, intelligent fluid management, and precision therapy in a single wearable platform, this study establishes a new paradigm in bioelectronic wound care for chronic wound treatment.