Recent Progress in Semi-Implantable Bioelectronics for Precision Health Monitoring

Driven by the growing burden of chronic diseases and limited public healthcare resources, portable health monitoring platforms are widely developed to enable continuous monitoring and timely dissemination to provide users with health management and disease prevention. However, it is still a challenge for precision health monitoring by fully bio-integrated electronic devices to achieve stable physiological signal recording over long periods of time. Recently, semi-implantable bioelectronics (SI-bioelectronics) have excelled in real-time, long-term, and high-sensitivity monitoring of physiological and pathological signals with minimal invasiveness, enabled by precise microneedle sensing probes. In this review, a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in SI-bioelectronics is provided, with a focus on their structures, design considerations, and performances in monitoring biochemical indicators, bioelectrical signals, and biomechanical signals. Opportunities for SI-bioelectronics in research such as smart medicine and the Internet of Things are also discussed, which will drive SI-bioelectronics toward intelligence and efficiency.