Rational design of artificial Lewis pairs coupling with polyethylene glycol for efficient electrochemical ammonia synthesis

Ammonia (NH₃) synthesis at mild conditions by electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction (eNRR) has received more attention and has been regarded as a promising alternative to the traditional Haber–Bosch process. Lewis acid-base pairs (LPs) can chemisorb and react with nitrogen by electronic interaction, while the tuning of the microenvironment near electrode can hinder hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) thus improving the selectivity of the eNRR. Herein, the FeOOH nanorod coupled with LPs on the surface (i.e., Fe, Fe–O) was synthesized, which could effectively drive eNRR. Meanwhile, polyethylene glycol (PEG) was introduced to serve as a local non-aqueous electrolyte system to inhibit HER. The prepared FeOOH-150 catalyst achieved outstanding eNRR performance with an NH₃ yield rate of 118.07 μg h⁻¹mg_cat⁻¹ and a Faradaic efficiency of 51.4 % at −0.6 V vs. RHE in 0.1 M LiClO₄ + 20 % PEG. Both the experiment and DFT calculations revealed that the interaction of PEG with Lewis base sites could optimize nitrogen adsorption configuration and activation.