Random terpolymer with a cost-effective monomer and comparable efficiency to PTB7-Th for bulk-heterojunction polymer solar cells

A new random terpolymer PTB7-Th-T2 has been designed and synthesized by incorporating a significantly lower cost monomer, 2,2′-bithiophen, for application as a donor material in polymer solar cells (PSCs). By replacing 25 mol% of extremely expensive 3-fluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene-2-carboxylate monomer in the famous PTB7-Th by a >30-times lower cost bithiophene, the new terpolymer PTB7-Th-T2 shows a comparable HOMO energy level and increased absorption intensity in the wide wavelength range of 400-700 nm. In addition, in a polymer/PC₇₁BM blended film, the hole mobility has improved from 1.67 × 10^-4 for PTB7-Th to 2.49 × 10^-4 cm² V^-1 s^-1 for PTB7-Th-T2. A power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.05% has been achieved in a polymer bulk heterojunction photovoltaic device with the structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PTB7-Th-T2:PC₇₁BM (1:1.5, w/w)/Ca/Al by using 3% of 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) as a solvent additive. Furthermore, through introducing an amino-substituted perylene diimide (PDIN) as the cathode interlayer, a high fill factor (FF) of 67.38% and PCE of 8.19% have been obtained; these values are higher than those of the control polymer PTB7-Th of 63.26% and 7.93%, respectively at the same device conditions.