Progress of graphdiyne-based materials for anodes of alkali metal ion batteries

Graphdiyne (GDY)-based materials are carbon allotropes with a two-dimensional (2D) planar structure composed of diacetylene bonds (sp) and sp ² hybridized carbons. Their unique geometrical and electronic structure give them excellent electrochemical properties. The larger specific surface area and ion-diffusion channels in pores can provide more storage sites for alkali metal ions and increase the diffusion rate of electrons and ions. Hence, GDY-based materials possess broad prospects in electrochemical energy storage and have gained more favor as anode materials for alkali ion batteries. Here, we have made a systematic summary of GDY-based materials and their derivatives, including the geometrical and electronic structures, synthesis, modifications, and storage mechanisms of Li⁺/Na⁺/K⁺, along with the applications in Li⁺/Na⁺/K⁺ batteries. In view of the current situation, the large-scale application of GDY-based materials as anodes in alkali ion batteries is still a great challenge. We hope that this work can provide a theoretical basis for GDY-based materials with superior performance, more convenient and safer preparation, and higher yield.