Parametric study of lateral jet interaction in diatomic gas non-equilibrium flows using wave-particle method

A simplified unified wave-particle method is adopted to analyze how the freestream Mach number, jet Mach number, jet temperature, angle of jet, and jet pressure ratio affect the flow field characteristics, aerodynamic forces, and aerothermal effects of the interaction between the jet and the freestream flow over a three-dimensional blunt cone model in rarefied nitrogen flow. The numerical results obtained using the present method are validated against those from the DSMC method. Some of the trends summarized from the parametric study are consistent with the literature. The influence of molecular internal energy of diatomic gases under rarefied gas effects on three-dimensional jet interactions is also presented. Significant differences are observed between three-dimensional jets of diatomic gases and those of monoatomic gases. The findings reveal that: 1) At a constant momentum ratio, the interference zone and barrel shock remain nearly unchanged, while higher freestream Mach numbers reduce the jet’s influence on the flow field; 2) At constant freestream conditions, lower jet Mach numbers increase the jet’s influence on the blunt cone wall, with the jet pressure ratio having a stronger effect than the jet Mach number; 3) When the jet temperature is sufficiently high, comparable control effectiveness can be achieved with a smaller amount of jet gas. 4) Reducing the angle of jet increases the control efficiency, and in the rarefied regime, a smaller angle of jet does not readily lead to flow instabilities. 5) As the jet pressure ratio increases, the jet momentum ratio also rises, thereby intensifying the interaction between the jet and the freestream flow and influencing a larger region of the flow field. This research will provide valuable references for the application of jet-control devices in near-space flight vehicles.