Optimal scheduling for microgrids considering long-term and short-term energy storage

The seasonal variability of renewable energy output is a critical consideration for microgrids with a high penetration of renewable energy sources. To conduct research on optimal scheduling of microgrids with coordinated long-term and short-term energy storage, this paper first constructs a wind-PV‑hydrogen microgrid system and develops a scheduling model for its main components. Then, taking into account the advantages of hydrogen storage units in long-term energy storage and the benefits of battery units in short-term energy supply, an optimal scheduling model of microgrids aiming for economic optimization is constructed, which integrates both long-term and short-term energy storage considerations. This scheduling model is converted into a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problem, which is then solved using the Yalmip/Gurobi commercial solver. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed optimal scheduling method that coordinates long-term and short-term energy storage, simulation analysis was conducted. The results show that the proposed optimal scheduling model and its solution method can effectively guide microgrids in cross-seasonal energy storage, achieving coordination between long-term and short-term energy storage devices. This reflects the advantages of considering coordinated long-term and short-term energy storage in enhancing the utilization rate of renewable energy.